November 30, 2023

This Simple Form Fix Will Make You FASTER & More Efficient

I’ve received personal arm-carriage instruction from Golden Harper and Tom Miller, both of whom are referenced in the below article. Both are true running experts and record-holders of different stripes, and both made me a believer in their systems. 


And the best thing about this: There’s nothing to buy. You don’t have to pay a cent. (Although I’ll link to one $12 item.) You just have to practice on your own.


Basically, the system could be called: “Run with your elbows.” Or: “Pull your elbows back.” The article claims that driving your arms backward shifts your balance more upright and forward. In that position, your feet can land closer beneath your body, and push backward more efficiently. 


In fact, coach Andrew Kastor says the one thing he typically yells in a race, where a runner can only hear and implement one simple thing, is: “Elbows Back!”


That’s what I see whenever I watch a video of Eliud Kipchoge heading toward another marathon finish tape. Look at the side view of Kipchoge 20 seconds into this video.


You’ll also enjoy this webpage that promotes a $12 elastic band you can buy to practice Kipchoge elbow running. Click down the page once or twice for an adorable, short video with a young girl runner who’s about 10 years old. (You can fashion a similar device on your own by grabbing a length of elastic resistance band, tying the ends together, and sliding the loop over your shoulders like a coat. Once it’s on, simply tuck your thumbs or whole hands into the front of the loop, and start running. More at Outside Online.


Rock and roll: Do “rocker” shoes boost your performance?

Recently I’ve had several strong runs at a pace faster than I anticipated. This is always nice. But it makes you wonder: Why? Since my fitness didn’t change in any dramatic way from last week to this week, what was going on?


I wondered: Is it the shoes? As it happened, I had dug to the bottom of my shoe pile and pulled out a pair that I hadn’t worn in close to a year. And these were the shoes that produced the two fast workouts.


I won’t name them, as this is hardly a controlled experiment. I’ll only say this: I was wearing a well-known brand that isn’t among the top 3 (or perhaps even 5) when people talk about their favorite, fast running shoes. Yes, the shoes have a super foam and a stiff midsole plate like most of the other shoes I’ve been wearing.


They also have quite a dramatic rocker sole. That’s why I ended up at the article linked below, which looks at the pros and cons of rocker-sole running shoes. The article defines and presents photos of rocker shoes--some have both a toe and heel curve; some just a toe curve--and includes all the usual warnings about individual differences and knowing your own style of running.


In general, it implies that rocker shoes are more likely to work for healthy heel strikers and for those with heel/achilles problems. And less suitable if you have knee/hip issues.


A related note regarding those new $500 Adidas super shoes. You know--the ones worn by Tigist Assefa to a world record in Berlin and by Tamirat Tola in a course record at New York City. In its press release, Adidas claimed the shoe “features a revamped geometry with a first-of-its-kind forefoot rocker, placed at 60% of the length of the shoe. This innovation is lab-tested to trigger forward momentum and improve running economy.”


That’s promotional copy, not scientific text. Still, it seems safe to assume that we’ll be reading a lot more about rockers as well as foams and plates in future shoe releases. More at Run Repeat.


The Training Tool That Gives You The Biggest Bang For Your Buck ($0.00)

You can use a wrist or chest monitor to measure your heart rate while training.You can approximate your power output on the run. You can measure a lot of things these days with different types of “wearables.”


But it remains true that your RPE, or Relative Perceived Exertion, may be your most effective gauge of training intensity. If only you can learn to trust yourself rather than the nearest digital display. As this article notes: “Sometimes, the most intuitive solutions are the most effective.”


Some have little faith in their “intuitive” reactions precisely because they don’t display a blinking number. That doesn’t mean that RPE has no value. In fact, your subjective exertion can be linked to training zones, goal races paces, environmental conditions (heat, altitude), and the like. See the end of the linked article for a handy chart that could boost your confidence in RPE training. 


You don’t have to throw out your digital devices. They can be both fun, and instructive. But don’t forget the oldest and best running advice: “Listen to your body.” More at Trail Runner.


Nutrition Strategies That Defeat Stomach Distress

If you’re searching for the best way to maintain energy during a long run or marathon race, you can’t do much better than looking to ultra runners. After all, given the distances they cover, they have to figure a way to maintain energy. 


This systematic review investigates ultra runners, and how they cope most successfully with fueling requirements. “Consistent with other research, nausea, cramps, bloating, vomiting, and diarrhea were the most commonly experienced symptoms.” Oh, my. Not good.


And the best solutions? Reduce FODMAPs. Also, limit dairy, stay away from medium-chain triglycerides, and practice, practice, practice.


FODMAPs are sugars, or “Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides And Polyols” that the small intestine absorbs poorly. “Restricting the intake of FODMAPs has proven a successful method of alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms in approximately 70% of individuals” troubled by stomach issues.


Finally: “With practice, increased carbohydrate intakes can be tolerated by athletes and may enhance athletic performance without major attenuations [drops] of GI comfort.” More at Nutrients with free full text.


NCAA Champ Parker Valby Proves That Cross Training WORKS

Many runners cross-train to avoid injury and prolong their healthy running, but few bigtime race winners credit their success to cross-training. Parker Valby of Florida State University is the rare exception. She was second in last year’s NCAA Cross Country Championships, and first this fall. 


We still don’t have a lot of specific information about Valby’s training, but she apparently covers only 25 to 30 miles a week with on-the-ground running. That’s less than half what many top collegiate runners do. When not running, she’ll log an hour or more per day of cross-training on an elliptical machine named the Arc Trainer (a favorite of many runners) and/or an indoor bike or other equipment.


Here her coach of a year ago describes how fiercely Valby attacks workouts when cross training. And here members of the LetsRun message board debate their views on cross-training for runners.


The linked article below summarizes several studies of cross-training for runners--how it can help you maintain fitness, and maybe even improve. Cross training can be particularly helpful for masters runners, and for young runners battling injury. 


A key issue: When you do hit the roads, trails, or track, you’ve got to devote some hard workouts to race pace preparation. I think it’s a good idea to also include some modest downhill running, because it’s hard to simulate eccentric muscle contractions of the legs on most cross-training machines. More at Trail Runner.


Unexpected result: High heat produces few health risks to endurance athletes

The upcoming U.S. Marathon Trials (Feb. 3, Orlando FL) have been embroiled in controversy for several months now, long before the runners get to Florida. The Trials qualifiers protested the announced noon time start, claiming it could prove dangerous to their health. The Local Organizers said they had been told that a noon start was non-negotiable. The national governing body, USATF, tried to duck its head and hide, as it usually does.


Most recently, a new start time has been announced: 10 a.m. That seems a minor change that will make little difference if the temperature or humidity are high on February 3.


But what about the runners’ safety claim? Is it evidence-based? Perhaps not


A new paper investigated “core body temperature responses during competitive sporting events.” Conclusion: Top athletes racing in the heat do “not have impaired health during real-world sporting competitions, likely due to being heat acclimatised from their training and their perceptual tolerance to the heat.”


Make no mistake: Everyone feels worse in the heat, and runs slower. But these don’t necessarily create health emergencies. Indeed, “The prevalence of exertional heat injury/exertional heat stroke was low” in the reviewed research. More at Biology of Sport with free full text.


Is Heinz Ketchup The Next Energy Gel Of Choice? 

No, of course not. But the company has gotten good PR mileage from their recent campaign. I suspect they did it because nutritionists point out that ketchup isn’t a vegetable, and contains too much salt and sugar.


Or maybe someone at Heinz is a serious marathon runner, and simply got a bit wacky-inspired. If so, I give her/him credit for that. 


The campaign seems aimed at urban folks who live in a neighborhood with lots of fast food joints. You know--the kinds of places where they pile up those little red Heinz ketchup packets with all the other condiments, utensils, and napkins. 


Being the analytical type, I decided to check how much fuel you actually get from one of the tiny red packages. Turns out, they only contain 8 to 10 calories vs 100+ calories in a typical runner’s gel. So, if you want to fuel your long run or marathon with Heinz, you’ll have to order a burger or french fries as well. (Just kidding.) 


“I’m totally skeptical,” said one sports dietitian to the NYTimes. Others agreed.


Lifetime Runinng With Endurance And Gratitude

This newsletter, “Run Long, Run Healthy,” exists because I believe the running you did yesterday is wonderful, but the running and other movement you do tomorrow is more important. Yes, you’ll probably be slower tomorrow (next year; next decade), but your personal fitness contributes more to your overall health and well being with increasing age.


To serve this end, I have now run Connecticut’s big annual Turkey Trot, the Manchester Road Race (4.748 miles) 61 years in a row--an unofficial world record for road race streaks. I know this streak won’t continue infinitely, but I can’t see any reason to stop now. 


I won Manchester 9 times in my 20s. That was fun. But the race is more meaningful to me now than it was then. Even though it takes me twice as long to complete the course as it did in the 1970s.


Two women are not far behind me. This year Janet Romayko and Beth Shluger finished Manchester for the 51st year in a row. That appears to be a world-record road race streak for women.


Romayko says: “I will continue running Manchester as long as I can. My aunt walked the course on Thanksgiving at age 93. I’d like to beat her record.” That’s the attitude we need.


Shluger: For 50 years I have had the gift of knowing exactly what I’ll be doing on Thanksgiving morning, and it's a gift of love, family, community and the Manchester Road Race. In this sometimes-crazy world, that is a mighty precious gift.” That’s the gratitude we need to express. More at AmbyBurfoot.com


SHORT STUFF You Don’t Want To Miss

>>> Feet first: Footstrike pattern is more important than footwear” when it comes to injury prevention.

>>> Successful surgery: For runners with serious iliotibial band problems, the PLAR technique allows “a return to previous sports performance in a short period of time.” (free full text)

>>> Stride right: The Stryd foot pod is effective to “delineate exercise intensity domains, guide training intensity, and assess aerobic fitness.”


GREAT QUOTES Make Great Training Partners

“It’s only cold outside if you’re standing still.”

--Anon


That’s all for now. Thanks for reading. See you again next week. Amby


November 16, 2023

Agreement at last! Everyone swears by this great half-marathon workout

A training question on Reddit yielded a flurry of eager answers. But that’s not what makes this link interesting.


It’s the fact that most of the respondents largely agreed with each other. Instead of favoring dozens of different workouts, they seemed unified in their approach. That says a lot, I think. A simple key workout is producing good results for a lot of runners. 


Okay, enough beating about the bush. Here’s the question: “What’s your favorite half-marathon workout?” That’s a good one, as the half-marathon is such a popular race distance, and the universal stepping stone to a top marathon.


To assess the full range of responses, you should read the below link. But if you only want my executive summary,  here it is: Run 3 x 2 miles at half-marathon pace with several minutes of recovery walk/jog between the 2-mile repeats.


Why is this workout so successful? Because it’s tough but do-able. It will definitely help you prepare for an upcoming half marathon. It’s also a great one to include in your training arsenal as you get ready for any race distance. More at Reddit Advanced Running.


Are super gels more important than super shoes? 

The sodium bicarbonate story has been simmering just below the news headlines for a year or longer, nearly invisible against all the super shoes buzz. But it exploded last week with an excellent, deep story by Jonathan Gault at LetsRun.com. At the same time, I’ve heard other marathon experts say they believe the revolution in super gels is boosting marathon performance more than super shoes.


Gault reported that a Maurten sodium bicarb mix has been widely used by elite runners at the On Athletic Club--it’s a legal mix, to be clear--by Kelvin Kiptum in his 2:00:35 marathon world record, and possibly for several years by Norwegian middle distance ace Jakob Ingebrigtsen. (The Ingebrigtsen camp refuses to confirm or deny the rumors.)


Maurten itself claims that two-thirds of all medalists from the 800 through 10,000 meters at the 2023 Worlds used the new product (not including steeplechase runners). Maurten’s hydrogel formula was earlier supported for its ability to allow runners to consume more carbs without gut distress. (See next item). Now the company is suggesting the same for hydrogel and sodium bicarbonate. 


When Gault questioned a number of athletes, he received distinctly mixed responses. Almost everyone said they felt some kind of “weird” when using the bicarb, but sometimes the weird seemed to help them run fast. Several mentioned the well-known stomach distress, but said, given the coming Olympic year, they would probably keep experimenting. 


On Athletic’s coach, Dathan Ritzenhein, and coach agent Stephen Hass said most international mid distance runners have tried the bicarb system, which is believed most effective for racing efforts of 2 to 5 minutes. There’s no clear biological reason why a marathoner would benefit from it, but Molly Seidel also supposedly used it at Chicago, where she ran a personal best. 


Scientists like Canadian endurance nutritionist Trent Stellingwerff say they aren’t ready to back a bicarb approach, because there’s no solid research to date that supports it. Here’s the full LetsRun story.


Alex Hutchinson got into the discussion back in March in a story at Outside Online. Like the LetsRun article, it notes the use of Maurten’s bicarb product by Jonas Vingegaard, winner of the last two Tour de France events. That certainly points toward an endurance application.  


Lastly, here’s an auto-generated transcription of a 72 minute podcast with Dr. Jason Siegler, who seems to be the leading research expert in the field. I’ve put it on a website I’m calling RLRH Notes.


The secret of fast marathon running: Consuming mega carbs en route

Sodium bicarbonate might be the next new thing, but so is basic in-race fueling with carbohydrates. Not so long ago, runners were advised to consume at most 30 grams (120 calories) of carbs/hour of running. More than that, and you risked upsetting your GI tract.


This advice has changed dramatically in the last handful of years. One reason: An accumulation of evidence like the paper below that mathematically analyzes what Paula Radcliffe would have needed during her 2:15:25 of 2003. Answer: as much as 150 grams/hour.


The math is based on Andrew Jones’s famous report (with free full text) detailing how Radcliffe improved her vo2 max and running economy over an 11-year period from 1992. There’s a problem with 150 grams/hour, however: “This exceeds maximal reported rates of exogenous carbohydrate oxidation,” which is 120 grams/hour. Take in more, and you likely develop stomach sickness.


So the paper backs off a bit. It suggests: “Carbohydrate supplementation at a rate of at least 90 grams/hour is recommended to maintain exercise intensity.” Of course, if you run slower, you don’t need as much energy/hour. 


Still, midrace carbs are the key to a top marathon performance, as they’re essential to keep you humming along at your chosen pace. More at Research Gate/SportsPerfSci with free full text.


Save yourself: Modestly hard short sprints are good enough

Speedwork doesn’t have to involve all-out sprinting to be effective and performance-enhancing. In fact, a new study has shown that 10-second sprints at 80% effort improve performance as much as the same sprints at 100%.


This occurred because “training at 80 percent of one's maximum still gets the heart rate up significantly higher than a runner's typical training,” noted the senior author.


In this trial, a group of veteran runners deviated from their normal training for 6 weeks. During that time, they ran 30-20-10 intervals 3 times a week for 15 to 20 minutes per workout. Here’s what this means: The runners ran slow for 30 seconds, then moderate for 20 seconds, then fast for 10 seconds (for a total of 60 seconds). They repeated this routine 5 times (5 minutes), then took a several minute rest period.


After the rest period, they repeated the 5-minute “block” and rest period again. In total, they did 3 to 5 blocks per workout. Roughly half of the subjects ran their 10-second sprints at 80 percent effort; the other half ran 100%. 


“Before” and “After” this training, the 2 groups completed a 5K time trial. Both improved by the same amount, about 3%, though the 80% sprinters actually trended a bit higher than the 100% group.


Conclusion: “Lack of time is a common barrier to regular physical activity, and 30-20-10 training has been identified as a time-efficient exercise strategy to improve performance and health.” Also, non-maximal 30-20-10 training is associated with “a lower perceived effort” than other interval training.” 


Thus, 30-20-10 training is “specifically applicable to people who are not highly motivated or able to do maximal-intensity training.” More at Scandinavian J of Medicine & Science in Sports with free full text. Also, a very complete press release here at Science Daily.


Best running headlamps for dealing with winter darkness

This is not my area of expertise, and I try to avoid running in the dark. But I realize that’s not possible for many, particularly those who have to rise early to train in the winter months. All I really care about is safety on the run. For everybody.


As for product reviews, I trust the runner-tested ones at “I Run Far” more than most. (They do receive an affiliate commission, which they acknowledge.)


The name of the game here is safety--not just being seen by vehicles, but being able to see various road hazards from sticks and stones to patches of ice. One of the top rated headlamps costs just $35, which looks like a great value. Others are pricier, but come with lamps that double as a detachable flashlight. That seems a very hand approach. 


The reviewers note that: “Battery and lighting technology improvements have made headlamps brighter, lighter, and longer lasting.” Good. Also, one of the products they tried is “the Most Ridiculously Bright Running Headlamp We’ve Seen.” Well, there’s a place for everything. 


The “Comments” section includes additional advice from well-informed readers. Stay safe this winter. Be seen. Be able to see the road/trail in front of you. More at I Run Far.


Wim Hof Method gets a “thumbs down” from research experiment

One of the most-discussed research papers of the week delved into the Wim Hof health practice. You know--the “multi-disciplinary approach to physical and mental well-being combining cold exposure, breathing exercises, and meditation.” The paper investigated the Wim Hof practice, and its effect on heart function, blood pressure, artery health, and even “different psychological parameters.”


If you’re not familiar with Wim Hof, he’s a Dutch extreme athlete who preaches a health-fitness practice that combines cold exposure, breathing exercises, and mindfulness meditation. It’s the cold part--particularly cold water showers, or winter bathing in frigid lakes--that has attracted the most attention.


The research involved 42 adults who were randomized into two groups that followed the Wim Hof method, or didn’t, for 15 consecutive days. Conclusion: “Contrary to the claim by Wim Hof, performing the WHM on a daily basis for 15 days did not exert positive effects on cardiovascular parameters, perceived stress, affect, and vitality in this study.” 


Therefore: “In a group of healthy individuals, the short-term application of this method did not exert any positive effects.” More at Nature with free full text, and also an excellent summary at Substack/Brady Holmer.


[Please note: This was not an exploration of the pros and cons of ice/cold water soaking as a post-workout recovery routine for a runner’s legs. On that question, the debate continues. Here’s a short article on the subject by a marathon-running physical therapist.


Which is more difficult--The Boston Marathon or New York City?

Here’s an article on a topic that runners love to debate, even though there’s nothing we can do about it.

We all agree that flat marathon courses like Berlin, Chicago, and London are faster than hilly courses like Boston and New York. But which of those two U.S East Coast events is actually tougher?


This is one of those reports based on Strava data. And it poses the exact question above. Unfortunately, it then presents various bits and pieces of pacing data that do nothing to answer the question.


So here’s some additional info to inform a decision. According to MarathonGuide’s excellent marathon finishers database, Boston has a much faster average finish time: 3:42 vs 4:40 at New York [in 2023]. Of course, Boston also has strict qualifying standards, so only fast runners can enter. In other words, we’re comparing apples and oranges here, and these results aren’t helpful in answering the basic question.


How about the course records? Both Boston and New York attract world class fields every year. How fast have the fastest winners run? The course records at Boston are 2:03:02 and 2:19:59 vs 2:04:58 and 2:22:31 at New York.

So New York looks slightly more difficult.


But the Boston course follows a more or less straight line from West to East, meaning that runners get an assist from a tailwind in some years. Whereas anyone who has run New York knows that the course shim shams through the 5 boroughs. On the same day, you get a tailwind at some points, and a pesky headwind at others.


The best analysis was done by Ken Young, founder and big kahuna at the Association of Road Racing Statisticians (ARRS). Before his death in 2018, Young compared times of elite men and women who had run both Boston or New York, and other major marathons. He then devised a “Race Time Bias” for marathon courses. It was designed to precisely answer the headline question at the top of this summary.


Young found that Paris and Berlin were the two fastest courses in his database at the time. At the other end of the scale, Boston and New York were among the two slowest. They were almost equally tough, with ratings of +82.8 seconds (Boston) and +91.3.


Young didn’t believe in rounding off numbers--not if he had precise information to base his analyses on. So that’s the best answer to our question: Between Boston and New York, it’s close to a tie-game on marathon difficulty.


Here’s what I tell runners headed to either of these marathons. New York is great fun, but tough. Enjoy it; don’t expect a fast time. Boston has a “small window” for fast times if you get good weather, and run smart. It has a “big window” for slow times if you get bad weather, and run stupid. 


You get to choose. You get to reap the benefits or suffer the consequences. Weigh your decision carefully. More at Outside Online.


Are marathon shoes faster than track shoes? 

World Athletics, the governing body of track and field including the Olympic Games, has established different rules for the allowable thickness (stack height) of road running shoes vs track running shoes. The former can be 40 mm thick but the track shoes only 25 mm. Does this make a difference?


According to a new paper, the answer is … sometimes. Researchers gathered 14 “highly trained athletes” and asked them to do 2 time-trials in each of 2 shoes--the Nike ZoomX Dragonfly with a 25 mm stack height and the Nike ZoomX Vaporfly Next % 2” with a 40 mm height.


The first time trial lasted 3 minutes, or about ¾ of a mile. The second trial lasted 9 minutes, or roughly 2 miles. 

Results? “There was a small worthwhile improvement” [of 0.97%] of the marathon shoe over the track shoe in the 3-minute trial, with no such difference in the 9-minute test. The extra thickness seemed to help in the shorter distance but not the longer one. A bit strange, as I would have expected the opposite.


Conclusion: “The use of legal and illegal running shoes altered the runners form, which only influenced the mid-distance performance.” More at J of Strength & Conditioning Research.


SHORT STUFF you don’t want to miss

>>> Lower is better: A low resting heart rate is linked to better heart health and longer life.  Graphic.

>>> Physics goes physical: Harvard physics prof sets a female record for the U.S. TransCon run.

>>> Podium pride: Here are the shoes that “won” the New York City Marathon.


GREAT QUOTES make great training partners

Since Thanksgiving is the most popular road racing day of the year … 

"Let gratitude be the pillow upon which you lay your head each night." 

--Ralph Waldo Emerson


That’s all for now. Thanks for reading. RLRH won’t be published next week, Nov. 23. The next edition will come out on Nov. 30. Happy Thanksgiving. Amby